Melatonin Exerts Anticancer Effects in Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells by Promoting Autophagy.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: The global prevalence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains high, and its prognosis poor. We investigated the anticancer effects of melatonin in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC-25) and its mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MTT assay was used to determine cell viability. To assess the effects of melatonin on SCC-25 cell metastasis, we conducted cell formation, wound healing, transwell migration and invasion assay. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the levels of autophage marker proteins. RESULTS: We found that melatonin treatment significantly reduced the viability and colony formation ability of SCC-25 cells, impairing cell migration and invasion. Western blotting assay revealed that melatonin increased the levels of autophagy markers, such as LC-3B and Beclin-1. Consequently, melatonin induces autophage in SCC-25 cells. CONCLUSION: Melatonin may be a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma.