Exploring the feasibility of wavelength modulated near-infrared spectroscopy.

ABSTRACT

SIGNIFICANCE: The application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the concentrations of tissue chromophores has typically relied on three alternative technological approaches continuous-wave, frequency-domain, and time-domain. It is often the case that uncertain and variable coupling of light into and out of the skin surface renders absolute measurements unreliable, and NIRS methods are mostly used to measure changes of chromophore concentrations and of physiological parameters such as blood volume and oxygenation. AIM: The aim has been to investigate whether an approach based on a wavelength-modulated source may enable measurements to be acquired, which are independent of surface coupling and may facilitate derivation of absolute values of tissue parameters. APPROACH: An analysis is performed using the modified Beer-Lambert law. RESULTS: It is shown that the relative modulation in detected intensity resulting from a wavelength-modulated source could be used to estimate absolute concentrations of chromophores if unknown surface coupling losses and geometrical factors are insensitive to small changes in wavelength. CONCLUSIONS: Wavelength modulated NIRS could be an effective tool for quantitative in vivo analysis of tissues, although it may be technically challenging.