The Decline in Outpatient Antibiotic Use.

BACKGROUND: A central component of the German antibiotic resistance strategy is to monitor the outpatient prescribing of systemic antibiotics nationwide, across all of the statutory health-insurance providers, in order to provide a basis for targeted quality-assurance measures. METHODS: All outpatient drug prescription data from patients covered by the statutory health-insurance carriers in Germany in the age groups 0-14, 15-64, and ≥ 65 years were assessed. The chosen primary outcome measure under study was the prescription rate (number of antibiotic prescriptions per 1000 insurees per year) for the years 2010 to 2018. RESULTS: Over the period of the study, a 21% decline was seen in the use of systemic antibiotics in outpatients, from 562 to 446 prescriptions per 1000 insurees per year in 2010 and 2018, respectively. The most marked reduction in the prescription rate-by 41%-was seen among child and adolescent insurees (in other age groups: -17% among those aged 15-64, -12% among those aged 65 and older). A downward trend was seen in all regions of Germany, and for most of the active substance groups for which data were obtained. In 2018, the prescription rate varied by a factor of 1.8 among regions, with the highest rate in the Saarland (572 per 1000 insurees per year) and the lowest in Brandenburg (318 per 1000 insurees per year). CONCLUSION: The observed nationwide decline in the prescription of antibiotics to outpatients in all age groups may be a result of the numerous initiatives that have been put into action to reinforce the appropriate use of antibiotics in Germany. A change in pediatric prescribing practices is demonstrated by the marked reduction in this age group. The remaining major differences across German regions underscore the importance of regionally tailored programs for the promotion of rational antibiotic use.