Focus on cell therapy to treat corneal endothelial diseases.
Exp Eye Res
; 204: 108462, 2021 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-33493477
ABSTRACT
The cornea is a multi-layered structure which allows fine refraction and provides both resistance to external insults and adequate transparency. The corneal endothelium ensures stromal hydration, failure of which, such as in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, after trauma or in aging, may lead to loss of corneal transparency and induce blindness. Currently, no efficient therapeutic alternatives exist except for corneal grafting. Thus corneal tissue engineering represents a valuable alternative approach, which may overcome cornea donor shortage. Several studies describe protocols to isolate, differentiate, and cultivate corneal endothelial cells (CEnCs) in vitro. Two main in vitro strategies can be described expansion of eye-native cell populations, such as CEnCs, or the production and expansion of CEnCs from non-eye native cell populations, such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs). The challenge with these cells is to obtain a monolayer of CEnCs on a biocompatible carrier, with a specific morphology (flat hexagonal cells), and with specific functions such as programmed cell cycle arrest. Another issue for this cell culture methodology is to define the adapted protocol (media, trophic factors, timeframe) that can mimic physiological development. Additionally, contamination by other cell types still represents a huge problem. Thus, purification methods, such as Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS), Magnetic Ativated Cell Sorting (MACS) or Sedimentation Field Flow Fractionation (SdFFF) are useful. Animal models are also crucial to provide a translational approach for these therapies, integrating macro- and microenvironment influences, systemic hormonal or immune responses, and exogenous interactions. Non-eye native cell graft protocols are constantly improving both in efficacy and safety, with the aim of being the most suitable candidate for corneal therapies in future routine practice. The aim of this work is to review these different aspects with a special focus on issues facing CEnC culture in vitro, and to highlight animal graft models adapted to screen the efficacy of these different protocols.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs
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Transplante de Células-Tronco
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Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas
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Terapia Baseada em Transplante de Células e Tecidos
Tipo de estudo:
Guideline
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article