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Regional variations and relationships among cytokine profiles, white blood cell counts, and blood mercury concentrations in Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) pups.
Kennedy, Stephanie N; Keogh, Mandy; Levin, Milton; Castellini, J Margaret; Lian, Marianne; Fadely, Brian S; Rea, Lorrie D; O'Hara, Todd M.
Afiliação
  • Kennedy SN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: Stephanie.Kennedy@childrens.harvard.edu.
  • Keogh M; Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Juneau, AK, USA. Electronic address: mandyjkeogh@gmail.com.
  • Levin M; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. Electronic address: milton.levin@uconn.edu.
  • Castellini JM; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. Electronic address: jcastellini@alaska.edu.
  • Lian M; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. Electronic address: mlian@alaska.edu.
  • Fadely BS; Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: brian.fadely@noaa.gov.
  • Rea LD; Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. Electronic address: LDREA@alaska.edu.
  • O'Hara TM; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA; Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. Electronic address: tmohara@tamu.edu.
Sci Total Environ ; 775: 144894, 2021 Jun 25.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33631572
ABSTRACT
The Steller sea lion (SSL) population west of 144°W longitude experienced a significant population decline. While there appears to be a stable or increasing population trend in rookeries in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) and Southeast Alaska (SEA), some rookeries within the Aleutian Islands (AI) have failed to recover. Previous studies found regional differences in whole blood total mercury concentrations ([THg]) showing more than 20% of AI pups had [THg] above critical thresholds for increased risk of immunological effects and other adverse outcomes. Measurements of immune cell-signaling proteins can be used to evaluate the immune status of marine mammals in relation to [THg]. We compared serum cytokine and chemokine concentrations in pups among regions (AI, eastern GOA, SEA), and examined associations among cytokines, chemokines, white blood cell (WBC) counts, and [THg]. Considering liver is an important target organ for mercury and immune protein synthesis we additionally examined the relationship of [THg] with liver-related enzymes serum aspartate (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). We observed regional differences in cytokine and chemokine measurements and immune protein associations. There was a positive association between total WBC counts and [THg] in AI pups, whereas a negative association between lymphocytes and [THg] in SEA pups. These findings may indicate regional variation in proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells, differences in immune system development, and/or a difference in antigenic stimuli. No associations between [THg] and cytokines, chemokines, AST or ALT were found. Observed regional differences in cytokine and chemokine milieu during gestational and early development in SSL pups could lead to an imbalance in cell differentiation that could impact immunological resiliency in juvenile and adult life stages. We report concentration ranges of a suite of cytokines and chemokines which may prove to be a useful metric for ecotoxicology and risk assessment studies in SSLs and other wildlife.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Leões-Marinhos / Mercúrio Tipo de estudo: Risk_factors_studies Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Leões-Marinhos / Mercúrio Tipo de estudo: Risk_factors_studies Limite: Animals País/Região como assunto: America do norte Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article