Promoted "Click" SERS Detection for Precise Intracellular Imaging of Caspase-3.

ABSTRACT

Although homogeneous detection of some biomolecules has been of great significance in clinical assay, it faces great challenges in achieving precise in situ imaging of biomolecules. In addition, nonspecific adsorption between probes and biomolecules and low sensitivity are still unfathomed problems. Herein, we developed a promoted "Click" surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) strategy for realizing highly selective homogeneous detection of biomolecules by simultaneous dual enhanced SERS emissions, obtaining mutually confirmed logical judgment. Taking caspase-3 as one of the biotargets, we have realized highly selective homogeneous detection of caspase-3 using this strategy, and precise intracellular imaging of caspase-3 can be in situ monitored in living cells or during cell apoptosis. In detail, polyA-DNA and the Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD)-containing peptide sequence were modified into alkyne and nitrile-coded Au nanoparticles (NPs). During the cell apoptosis process, the generated caspase-3 would lead to the cleavage of the tetra-peptide sequence DEVD, thereby removing the negative protection part from the peptide on Au NPs. Interestingly, two different triple bond-labeled Au NPs can be connected together through DNA hybridization to form SERS "hotspot", resulting in simultaneously enlarged triple bond Raman signals. Moreover, we found that the SERS intensity was positively related with caspase-3 concentration, which has a wide linear range (0.1 ng/mL to 10 µg/mL) and low detection limit (7.18 × 10-2 ng/mL). Remarkably, these simultaneously enlarged signals by "Click" SERS could be used for more precise imaging of caspase-3, providing mutually confirmed logical judgment based on two spliced SERS emissions, especially for their relative intensity.