Stereotactic radiotherapy to oligoprogressive lesions detected with 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.

PURPOSE: We assessed the outcomes of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with ≤5 lesions using gallium prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT). METHODS: The clinical data of 67 CRPC patients with 133 lesions treated with 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT-based SBRT were retrospectively analyzed. All of the patients had oligoprogressive disease during androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). The prognostic factors for overall- (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and the predictive factors for switching to next-line systemic treatment (NEST) and NEST-free survival (NEST-FS) were analyzed. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 17.5 months, the 2-year overall survival (OS) and PFS rates were 86.9% and 34.4%, respectively. The PSA response was observed in 49 patients (73.1%). Progression was observed in 37 patients (55.2%) at a median of 11.0 months following SBRT. A total of 45 patients (67.2%) remained on ADT after SBRT, and 22 patients (32.8%) had a NEST change at a median of 16.4 months after metastasis-directed treatment (MDT). Patients with a NEST change had higher post-SBRT PSA values and fewer PSA nadirs after MDT than their counterparts. In multivariate analysis, higher pre-SBRT PSA values were the only significant predictor for worse OS and NEST-FS, and no significant factor was found for PFS. No serious acute or late toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the feasibility of MDT using SBRT to treat oligoprogressive lesions by 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT in CRPC patients is efficient and well-tolerated, prolonging the effectiveness of ADT by delaying NEST.