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Prototype-based category learning in autism: A review.
Vanpaemel, Wolf; Bayer, Janine.
Afiliação
  • Vanpaemel W; Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, Box 3713, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
  • Bayer J; Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: j.bayer@uke.de.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev ; 127: 607-618, 2021 08.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34022278
ABSTRACT
Similarity-based categorization, as an important cognitive skill, can be performed by abstracting a categories' central tendency, the so-called prototype, or by memorizing individual exemplars of a category. The flexible selection of an appropriate strategy is crucial for effective cognitive functioning. The detail-focused cognitive style in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been hypothesized to specifically impair prototype-based categorization but to leave exemplar-based categorization unimpaired. We first give an overview of approaches to investigate prototype-based abstraction in the prototype-distortion task, with an emphasis on model-based approaches suitable to discern the two strategies on the individual level. The second part summarizes literature speaking to prototype-based categorization in ASD using that task. Despite considerable inconsistencies, most studies appear to confirm that autistic individuals have more difficulties to perform prototype-distortion tasks than non-autistic individuals. We highlight how inconsistencies in literature can be resolved by taking the differences in task designs into account. The current review illustrates the need for sensitive computational approaches, suitable to detect hidden individual differences and potential compensatory strategies.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Transtorno Autístico / Transtorno do Espectro Autista Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Transtorno Autístico / Transtorno do Espectro Autista Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article