Elucidation of spleen elasticity and viscosity in a carbon tetrachloride rat model of liver cirrhosis using a new ultrasound elastography.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Measurement of spleen stiffness (SS) using ultrasound (US) elastography is useful for predicting portal hypertension. However, the mechanism leading to increased SS remains unclear. We jointly developed a new US elastography system (Aplio i-series, Canon Medical Systems) that can easily measure organ viscosity (dispersion slope DS). We analyzed the cause of increased SS by calculating the shear wave speed (SWs, which reflects fibrosis) and DS of the spleen in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) rat liver cirrhosis models. METHODS: A total of 13 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (C group 3 rats as control, 2D group 3 rats injected with CCL4 twice in 1 week, 4D group 4 rats injected 4 times in 1 week, 6W group 3 rats injected twice a week for 6 weeks). The SWs and the DS of each group were calculated, and histopathological analysis was performed. RESULTS: The spleen SWs of the 6W group was significantly higher than that of the C group (p = 0.044). The spleen DS did not change after CCL4. The liver SWs of the 4D and 6W groups was significantly higher than that of the C group (p = 0.012 and 0.007, respectively) with fibrosis change on histopathology, and the DS of the 4D group was significantly higher than that of the C group (p = 0.033). Splenic fibrosis was confirmed in the 6W group, but inflammation and necrosis were not seen. CONCLUSION: SS increased due to fibrosis and can be predicted based on SWs and DS values.