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Differential diagnosis checklists reduce diagnostic error differentially: A randomised experiment.
Kämmer, Juliane E; Schauber, Stefan K; Hautz, Stefanie C; Stroben, Fabian; Hautz, Wolf E.
Afiliação
  • Kämmer JE; Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Schauber SK; Center for Adaptive Rationality (ARC), Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
  • Hautz SC; Centre for Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
  • Stroben F; Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
  • Hautz WE; Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CBF), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Med Educ ; 55(10): 1172-1182, 2021 Oct.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34291481
INTRODUCTION: Wrong and missed diagnoses contribute substantially to medical error. Can a prompt to generate alternative diagnoses (prompt) or a differential diagnosis checklist (DDXC) increase diagnostic accuracy? How do these interventions affect the diagnostic process and self-monitoring? METHODS: Advanced medical students (N = 90) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions to complete six computer-based patient cases: group 1 (prompt) was instructed to write down all diagnoses they considered while acquiring diagnostic test results and to finally rank them. Groups 2 and 3 received the same instruction plus a list of 17 differential diagnoses for the chief complaint of the patient. For half of the cases, the DDXC contained the correct diagnosis (DDXC+), and for the other half, it did not (DDXC-; counterbalanced). Group 4 (control) was only instructed to indicate their final diagnosis. Mixed-effects models were used to analyse results. RESULTS: Students using a DDXC that contained the correct diagnosis had better diagnostic accuracy, mean (standard deviation), 0.75 (0.44), compared to controls without a checklist, 0.49 (0.50), P < 0.001, but those using a DDXC that did not contain the correct diagnosis did slightly worse, 0.43 (0.50), P = 0.602. The number and relevance of diagnostic tests acquired were not affected by condition, nor was self-monitoring. However, participants spent more time on a case in the DDXC-, 4:20 min (2:36), P ≤ 0.001, and DDXC+ condition, 3:52 min (2:09), than in the control condition, 2:59 min (1:44), P ≤ 0.001. DISCUSSION: Being provided a list of possible diagnoses improves diagnostic accuracy compared with a prompt to create a differential diagnosis list, if the provided list contains the correct diagnosis. However, being provided a diagnosis list without the correct diagnosis did not improve and might have slightly reduced diagnostic accuracy. Interventions neither affected information gathering nor self-monitoring.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Estudantes de Medicina / Lista de Checagem Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials / Diagnostic_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Estudantes de Medicina / Lista de Checagem Tipo de estudo: Clinical_trials / Diagnostic_studies Limite: Humans Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2021 Tipo de documento: Article