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Biophysical evidence to support and extend the vitamin D-folate hypothesis as a paradigm for the evolution of human skin pigmentation.
Lucock, Mark D; Jones, Patrice R; Veysey, Martin; Thota, Rohith; Garg, Manohar; Furst, John; Martin, Charlotte; Yates, Zoe; Scarlett, Christopher J; Jablonski, Nina G; Chaplin, George; Beckett, Emma L.
Afiliação
  • Lucock MD; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Jones PR; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Veysey M; Medicine, Hull York Medical School, Heslington, UK.
  • Thota R; Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Garg M; Metabolism and Nutrition, Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
  • Furst J; Nutraceuticals Research Group, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Martin C; Maths and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Yates Z; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Scarlett CJ; Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Jablonski NG; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia.
  • Chaplin G; Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
  • Beckett EL; Anthropology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Am J Hum Biol ; 34(4): e23667, 2022 04.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34418235
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To test the "vitamin D-folate hypothesis for the evolution of human skin pigmentation."

METHODS:

Total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS) satellite data were used to examine surface UV-irradiance in a large (n = 649) Australian cross-sectional study population. Genetic analysis was used to score vitamin D- and folate-related gene polymorphisms (n = 22), along with two pigmentation gene variants (IRF4-rs12203592/HERC2-rs12913832). Red cell folate and vitamin D3 were measured by immunoassay and HPLC, respectively.

RESULTS:

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and pigmentation genes interact to modify blood vitamin levels; Light skin IRF4-TT genotype has greatest folate loss while light skin HERC2-GG genotype has greatest vitamin D3 synthesis (reflected in both TOMS and seasonal data). UV-wavelength exhibits a dose-response relationship in folate loss within light skin IRF4-TT genotype (305 > 310 > 324 > 380 nm). Significant vitamin D3 photosynthesis only occurs within light skin HERC2-GG genotype, and is maximal at 305 nm. Three dietary antioxidants (vitamins C, E, and ß-carotene) interact with UVR and pigmentation genes preventing oxidative loss of labile reduced folate vitamers, with greatest benefit in light skin IRF4-TT subjects. The putative photosensitiser, riboflavin, did not sensitize red cell folate to UVR and actually afforded protection. Four genes (5xSNPs) influenced blood vitamin levels when stratified by pigmentation genotype; MTHFR-rs1801133/rs1801131, TS-rs34489327, CYP24A-rs17216707, and VDR-ApaI-rs7975232. Lightest IRF4-TT/darkest HERC2-AA genotype combination (greatest folate loss/lowest vitamin D3 synthesis) has 0% occurrence. The opposing, commonest (39%) compound genotype (darkest IRF4-CC/lightest HERC2-GG) permits least folate loss and greatest synthesis of vitamin D3 .

CONCLUSION:

New biophysical evidence supports the vitamin D-folate hypothesis for evolution of skin pigmentation.
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Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Vitamina D / Pigmentação da Pele Tipo de estudo: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Oceania Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article
Texto completo
Imprimir
XML
PubMed Links
Buscar no Google

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Vitamina D / Pigmentação da Pele Tipo de estudo: Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Humans País/Região como assunto: Oceania Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2022 Tipo de documento: Article