Pathophysiology of Advanced Heart Failure: What Knowledge Is Needed for Clinical Management?
Heart Fail Clin
; 17(4): 519-531, 2021 Oct.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34511202
ABSTRACT
Understanding of heart failure (HF) has evolved from a simple hemodynamic problem through a neurohormonally and proinflammatory-driven syndrome to a complex multiorgan dysfunction accompanied by inadequate energy handling. This article discusses the most important clinical aspects of advanced HF pathophysiology. It presents the concept of neurohormonal activation and its deleterious effect on cardiovascular system and reflex control. The current theories regarding the role of inflammation, cytokine activation, and myocardial remodeling in HF progression are presented. Advanced HF is a multiorgan syndrome with interplay between cardiovascular system and other organs. The role of iron deficiency is also discussed.
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Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Insuficiência Cardíaca
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article