Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase is a metabolic switch to constrain T cell-mediated inflammation in the skin.
Sci Immunol
; 6(64): eabb6444, 2021 Oct 15.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34623903
ABSTRACT
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is an immunoregulatory cytokine whose essential function is to limit immune responses. We found that the gene encoding cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) was induced in CD4+ T cells by IL-27, enhanced by transforming growth factorß (TGF-ß), and antagonized by T-bet. Ch25h catalyzes cholesterol to generate 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC), which was subsequently released to the cellular milieu, functioning as a modulator of T cell response. Extracellular 25OHC suppressed cholesterol biosynthesis in T cells, inhibited cell growth, and induced nutrient deprivation cell death without releasing high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This growth inhibitory effect was specific to actively proliferating cells with high cholesterol demand and was reversed when extracellular cholesterol was replenished. Ch25h-expressing CD4+ T cells that received IL-27 and TGF-ß signals became refractory to 25OHC-mediated growth inhibition in vitro. Nonetheless, IL-27treated T cells negatively affected viability of bystander cells in a paracrine manner, but only if the bystander cells were in the early phases of activation. In mouse models of skin inflammation due to autoreactive T cells or chemically induced hypersensitivity, genetic deletion of Ch25h or Il27ra led to worse outcomes. Thus, Ch25h is an immunoregulatory metabolic switch induced by IL-27 and dampens excess bystander T effector expansion in tissues through its metabolite derivative, 25OHC. This study reveals regulation of cholesterol metabolism as a modality for controlling tissue inflammation and thus represents a mechanism underlying T cell immunoregulatory functions.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Pele
/
Esteroide Hidroxilases
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Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos
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Mediadores da Inflamação
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Interleucina-27
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Inflamação
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2021
Tipo de documento:
Article