Xenobiotic receptors and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis: harnessing the chemical output of the intestinal microbiota.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
; 322(2): G268-G281, 2022 02 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-34941453
ABSTRACT
The commensal bacteria that reside in the gastrointestinal tract exist in a symbiotic relationship with the host, driving the development of the immune system and maintaining metabolic and tissue homeostasis in the local environment. The intestinal microbiota has the capacity to generate a wide array of chemical metabolites to which the cells of the intestinal mucosa are exposed. Host cells express xenobiotic receptors, such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR), that can sense and respond to chemicals that are generated by nonhost pathways. In this review, we outline the physiological and immunological processes within the intestinal environment that are regulated by microbial metabolites through the activation of the AhR and the PXR, with a focus on ligands generated by the stepwise catabolism of tryptophan.
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Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Xenobióticos
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal
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Homeostase
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Mucosa Intestinal
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Intestinos
Limite:
Animals
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2022
Tipo de documento:
Article