Single-cell reconstruction reveals input patterns and pathways into corticotropin-releasing factor neurons in the central amygdala in mice.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons are one of the most densely distributed cell types in the central amygdala (CeA), and are involved in a wide range of behaviors including anxiety and learning. However, the fundamental input circuits and patterns of CeA-CRF neurons are still unclear. Here, we generate a monosynaptic-input map onto CeA-CRF neurons at single-cell resolution via a retrograde rabies-virus system. We find all inputs are located in 44 nested subregions that directly innervate CeA-CRF neurons; most of them are top-down convergent inputs expressing Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and are centralized in cortex, especially in the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex, which may directly relay information from the thalamus. While the bottom-up divergent inputs have the highest proportion of glutamate decarboxylase expression. Finally, en passant structures of single input neuron are revealed by in-situ reconstruction in a modified 3D-reference atlas, represented by a Periaqueductal gray-Subparafascicular nucleus-Subthalamic nucleus-Globus pallidus-Caudoputamen-CeA pathway. Taken together, our findings provide morphological and connectivity properties of inputs onto CeA-CRF neurons, which may provide insights for future studies interrogating circuit mechanisms of CeA-CRF neurons in mediating various functions.