Mendelian randomization highlights the causal association of obesity with periodontal diseases.

ABSTRACT

AIM: The underlying mechanisms connecting obesity and periodontal diseases remain unclear. This study investigates the potential causal association of obesity with periodontal diseases using Mendelian randomization (MR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of obesity traits including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and WC adjusted for BMI (WCadjBMI) from large-scale genome-wide association studies were screened for instrumental variables. The single trait periodontitis and the combined trait comprising periodontitis and loose teeth were adopted as surrogates for periodontal diseases. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW), series of sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR were employed to determine the association of obesity with periodontal diseases. RESULTS: IVW results showed that per 1-SD increment in BMI (odds ratio, OR = 1.115; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.064-1.169; p < .001) and WC (OR = 1.117; 95% CI = 1.052-1.185; p < .001), but not WCadjBMI, were significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis/loose teeth. Moreover, the MR estimates were consistent across other MR sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR. However, a causal association of obesity with the single trait periodontitis was not identified. CONCLUSIONS: The presented evidence supports previous epidemiological findings by showing a potential causal association of genetic liability to obesity with periodontal diseases. The biological mechanisms underlying this association warrant further investigation.