Spouse bereavement and brain pathologies: A propensity score matching study.

ABSTRACT

AIM: Spouse bereavement is one of life's greatest stresses and has been suggested to trigger or accelerate cognitive decline and dementia. However, little information is available about the potential brain pathologies underlying the association between spouse bereavement and cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate that lifetime spouse bereavement is associated with in vivo human brain pathologies underlying cognitive decline. METHODS: A total of 319 ever-married older adults between the ages of 61 and 90 years underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and multimodal brain imaging including [11 C] Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PET), AV-1451 PET, [18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were classified as experiencing no spouse bereavement or spouse bereavement, and comparisons using propensity score matching (59 cases and 59 controls) were performed. RESULTS: Spouse bereavement was significantly associated with higher cerebral white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume compared with no spouse bereavement. Interaction and subsequent subgroup analyses showed that spouse bereavement was significantly associated with higher WMH in the older (>75 years) subgroup and among those with no- or low-skill occupations. In addition, spouse bereavement at 60 years or older affects WMH volume compared with no spouse bereavement, whereas spouse bereavement at younger than 60 years did not. No group differences were observed in other brain pathologies between spouse bereavement categories. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the spouse bereavement may contribute to dementia or cognitive decline by increasing cerebrovascular injury, particularly in older individuals and those with no- or low-skill occupations.