Accelerated corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: Five-year results and predictors of visual and topographic outcomes.

Purpose: To analyze the 5-year results of accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for progressive keratoconus and identify preoperative characteristics predictive of visual and topographic outcomes. Methods: A prospective interventional case series. Nineteen eyes of 19 patients receiving accelerated CXL with settings of 18 mW/cm2 for 5 min were included. Clinical and topographic parameters were assessed. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to compare the R2 and odds ratio (OR), respectively, between baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes. Results: Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) remained stable from 0.28 ± 0.21 to 0.25 ± 0.18 logMAR (P = 0.486). The mean cylindrical refraction was stable (P = 0.119). The maximal keratometry (Kmax) decreased from 61.99 ± 10.37 to 59.25 ± 7.75 D (P < 0.001), flattening in the flattest and steepest meridians and mean keratometry were also observed (P ≤ 0.040). The mean anterior elevation at the apex reduced from 21.42 ± 16.69 to 18.53 ± 12.74 µm (P = 0.013) and changes in posterior elevation were non-significant (P = 0.629). Preoperative Kmax best predicted the postoperative change in Kmax (R2 = 0.55, P < 0.001) compared to the other baseline characteristics (P ≤ 0.028), whereas preoperative CDVA was the only significant predictor of postoperative change in CDVA (R2 = 0.41, P = 0.003). Accelerated CXL is less likely to fail in eyes with a steeper preoperative Kmax (OR = 0.74, P = 0.040) or greater posterior elevation at the apex (OR = 0.91, P = 0.042). Conclusion: Kmax significantly decreased following accelerated CXL. Eyes with worse preoperative CDVA and higher Kmax were more likely to have an improvement in visual acuity and corneal flattening.