Ten-year trends of adult trauma patients in Central Denmark Region from 2010 to 2019: A retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Trauma causes significant economic and societal burdens, and the trauma patient population and their prognosis change over time. This study aims to analyze 10-year trends of trauma patients at a major trauma center in Central Denmark Region. METHODS: Five thousand three hundred and sixty-six patients aged ≥16 years with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 0 admitted by trauma team activation at a major trauma center between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included. An annual percent change with a 95% confidence interval was used to estimate trends in the mechanism of injuries. Multiple logistic regression with mortality as the outcome was adjusted for age, sex, and ISS. Admission year was used as continuous variable in logistic regressions. RESULTS: The median age increased from 37 in 2010 to 49 in 2019, and the proportion of patients aged ≥65 doubled. The annual incidence of minor injuries (ISS 1-15) decreased from 181.3/105 inhabitants in 2010 to 112.7/105 in 2019. Severe injuries (ISS > 15) increased from 10.1/105 inhabitants in 2010 to 13.6/105 in 2019. The proportion of patients with ISS > 15 increased from 18.1% in 2010 to 31.1% in 2019. Multivariable logistic regression indicates lower 30-day mortality for all trauma patients over the study period when adjusting for age, sex, and ISS (odds ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). The 30-day mortality for severely injured patients with ISS > 15 seems to decrease during the study period when adjusting for age, sex, and ISS (Odds ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.87-0.97). Fall injuries increased by 4.1% annually (95% CI 2.3%-6.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Ten-year trends of trauma patients at a major trauma center show an increasing median age, injury severity, and number of fall injuries. The 30-day mortality of trauma patients decreased slightly for both minor injuries and severe injuries when adjusting for age, sex, and injury severity.