Efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy in lymphopenia for patients with ordinary or severe COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy for lymphopenia in patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: Twenty four patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 12) during hospitalization in a ratio of 11. Based on conventional treatment, the treatment group was administered 100 mg nicotinamide 5 times a day for 2 days. The control group received routine treatment only. The primary endpoint was the change in the absolute lymphocyte count. The secondary endpoints included both in-hospital death and the composite endpoint of aggravation, according to upgraded oxygen therapy, improved nursing level, and ward rounds of superior physicians for changes in conditions. RESULTS: Full blood counts before and after nicotinamide administration were comparable in each group (all P > .05). Before and after receiving nicotinamide, mean absolute lymphocyte counts were similar between the two groups ([0.94 ± 0.26] × 109/L vs [0.89 ± 0.19] × 109/L, P = .565; [1.15 ± 0.48] × 109/L vs [1.02 ± 0.28] × 109/L, P = .445, respectively). Therefore, there was no statistically significant difference in the lymphocyte improvement rate between the two groups (23.08 ± 46.10 vs 16.52 ± 24.10, P = .67). There was also no statistically significant difference in the secondary endpoints between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Among patients with COVID-19, there was no statistically significant difference in the change of whole blood counts and absolute lymphocyte counts before and after intervention in both groups. Therefore, no new evidence has been found regarding the effect of niacinamide on lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.