Minimal water exchange with gel immersion: A safe and useful method to secure the visual field during balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

ABSTRACT

During balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, the minimal water exchange method facilitates reaching the site and prevents pneumobilia, hepatic portal venous gas, and air embolism. However, the water may mix with bile or blood, obscuring the visual field. Yokoyama and colleagues demonstrate how the gel immersion method helps overcome this problem.