Is a high chest CT severity score a risk factor for an increased incidence of long-term neuroimaging findings after COVID-19?

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the incidences of neuroimaging findings (NIF) and investigate the relationship between the course of pneumonia severity and neuroimaging findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was a retrospective analysis of 272 (>18 years) COVID-19 patients who were admitted between "March 11, 2021, and September 26, 2022". All patients underwent both chest CT and neuroimaging. The patient's chest CTs were evaluated for pneumonia severity using a severity score system (CT-SS). The incidence of NIF was calculated. NIF were categorized into two groups; neuroimaging positive (NIP) and neuroimaging negative (NIN). Consecutive CT-SS changes in positive and negative NIF patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of total patients was 71; IQR, 57-80. Of all patients, 56/272 (20.6%) were NIP. There was no significant relationship between NIP and mortality (p = 0.815) and ICU admission (p = 0.187). The incidences of NIF in our patients were as follows Acute-subacute ischemic stroke 47/272 (17.3%); Acute spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage 13/272 (4.8%); Cerebral microhemorrhages 10/272 (3.7%) and Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 3/25 (10.7%). Temporal change of CT-SSs, there was a statistically significant increase in the second and third CT-SSs compared to the first CT-SS in both patients with NIP and NIN. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that since neurological damage can be seen in the late period and neurological damage may develop regardless of pneumonia severity.