Microplastic abundance in feces of lagomorphs in relation to urbanization.

ABSTRACT

The presence of microplastics (MPs) in marine environments has been extensively documented. However, studies of terrestrial species are scarce. Fecal samples (105) of lagomorphs were collected at sites with different levels of urbanization in the Baja California Chaparral and analyzed to quantify and characterize MPs found in the feces. The lagomorph species recorded in the study area are the desert cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus audubonii), brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), and black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus), which play important roles in the food web of the chaparral ecosystem. Microplastics were identified using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microplastics were detected in 49 % of the samples, with fibers being the dominant shape found (72 %). Most (75 %) of the MPs were <1 mm in size, with a mean length of 0.93 ± 0.99 mm (median 0.60 mm, range 0.02 - <5 mm). Polyamide was the dominant polymer (54 %), indicating that MPs are likely derived from textiles; polyethylene was also abundant (27 %). A difference was also observed in the abundance of MPs in feces from sites with different levels of urbanization, with the highest abundance in feces from the urban sites.