Effects of incorporating zinc oxide and graphene oxide nanoparticles on abrasion, translucency, and microhardness of flowable composite resin: In vitro.

ABSTRACT

Background: Zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) have antimicrobial properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of incorporating these NPs and their chemical and physical blends on abrasion, translucency, and microhardness of flowable composite resin. Materials and Methods: In the present in vitro study, flowable composite resin samples (Grandio Flow, VOCO, Germany) were evaluated in 5 groups and the sample size was 10 for each group of each experiment (n = 10) as follows Group 1, without NPs; Group 2, with ZnO NPs; Group 3, with GO NPs; Group 4, containing a physical mixture of GO and ZnO; and Group 5, containing a chemical mixture of GO and ZnO NPs. In all the groups, 1 wt% of the NPs were incorporate into flowable composite resin. Abrasion, translucency, and microhardness of the samples were evaluated. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, followed by post hoc Tukey's tests at the level of significance of P < 0.05. Results: In Groups 2, 4, and 5 (all the groups containing ZnO), a significant decrease in abrasion and microhardness of flowable composite resin was observed compared to the control group. Incorporation of NPs in all the groups resulted in a significant decrease in translucency compared to the control group. Conclusion: Incorporation of NPs into flowable composite resin resulted in a decrease in translucency. The microhardness was reduced in groups containing ZnO, but the abrasion was also reduced in these groups. The incorporation of GO did not significantly alter the abrasion and microhardness of the composite resin.