Botulinum toxin for refractory Raynaud's phenomenon: A "how to" guide for pediatric patients.

ABSTRACT

Raynaud's phenomenon describes symptoms caused by digital vascular spasm and is classically induced by cold exposure. Severe cases can result in ulceration, necrosis, and digital autoamputation. When standard and adjunctive medical therapies fail or are contraindicated, botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is an effective treatment option that can be added to existing regimens and should be considered before utilizing rescue therapies associated with higher risk and often higher cost. This report describes our technique, highlights considerations relevant to pediatric patients, and provides photos and videos of the procedure performed on a 16-year-old girl.