Effectiveness of first and second COVID-19 mRNA vaccine monovalent booster doses during a period of circulation of Omicron variant sublineages: December 2021-July 2022.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
; 17(3): e13104, 2023 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-36875208
ABSTRACT
Background:
US recommendations for COVID-19 vaccine boosters have expanded in terms of age groups covered and numbers of doses recommended, whereas evolution of Omicron sublineages raises questions about ongoing vaccine effectiveness.Methods:
We estimated effectiveness of monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination versus two-dose primary series during a period of Omicron variant virus circulation in a community cohort with active illness surveillance. Hazard ratios comparing SARS-CoV-2 infection between booster versus primary series vaccinated individuals were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying booster status. Models were adjusted for age and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of a second booster among adults ≥50 years of age was similarly estimated.Results:
The analysis included 883 participants ranging in age, from 5 to >90 years. Relative effectiveness was 51% (95% CI 34%, 64%) favoring the booster compared with primary series vaccination and did not vary by prior infection status. Relative effectiveness was 74% (95% CI 57%, 84%) at 15 to 90 days after booster receipt, but declined to 42% (95% CI 16%, 61%) after 91 to 180 days, and to 36% (95% CI 3%, 58%) after 180 days. The relative effectiveness of a second booster compared to a single booster was 24% (95% CI -40% to 61%).Conclusions:
An mRNA vaccine booster dose added significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but protection decreased over time. A second booster did not add significant protection for adults ≥50 years of age. Uptake of recommended bivalent boosters should be encouraged to increase protection against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages.Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Vacinas contra COVID-19
/
COVID-19
Limite:
Adult
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Aged80
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Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article