Cognitive behavioral therapy versus general health education for smoking cessation: A randomized controlled trial among diverse treatment seekers.

OBJECTIVE: Racial and ethnic disparities in smoking cessation persist. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for cessation among African American/Black, Latino/Hispanic, and White adults. METHOD: African American/Black (39%), Latino/Hispanic (29%), and White (32%) adults (N = 347) were randomly assigned to eight group sessions of CBT or general health education (GHE), both including nicotine patch therapy. Biochemically confirmed 7-day point prevalence abstinence (7-day ppa) was measured at the end-of-therapy, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Generalized linear mixed models and logistic regressions tested abstinence rates by condition, stratified by race and ethnicity, and interaction effects. RESULTS: CBT led to greater abstinence than GHE across 12-months of follow-up (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI [1.59, 2.13]) overall [12-month follow-up: CBT = 54% vs. GHE = 38%] and within racial and ethnic groups [12-months: African American/Black (CBT = 52%, GHE = 29%), Latino/Hispanic (CBT = 57%, GHE = 47%), and White (CBT = 54%, GHE = 41%)]. African American participants were less likely than White participants to quit irrespective of condition, as were persons with lower education and income. Socioeconomic status indicators positively predicted abstinence among racial and ethnic minority participants, but not White participants. CONCLUSIONS: Group CBT was efficacious compared with GHE. However, cessation patterns suggested that intensive group interventions were less beneficial over the longer term among lower socioeconomic African American and Latino individuals, compared with White participants. Tobacco interventions should target racial and ethnic and socioeconomic differences, via culturally specific approaches and other means. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).