State of the Art: Acute Encephalitis.
Clin Infect Dis
; 77(5): e14-e33, 2023 09 11.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-37485952
ABSTRACT
Encephalitis is a devastating neurologic disease often complicated by prolonged neurologic deficits. Best practices for the management of adult patients include universal testing for a core group of etiologies, including herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enteroviruses, West Nile virus, and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibody encephalitis. Empiric acyclovir therapy should be started at presentation and in selected cases continued until a second HSV-1 polymerase chain reaction test is negative. Acyclovir dose can be increased for VZV encephalitis. Supportive care is necessary for other viral etiologies. Patients in whom no cause for encephalitis is identified represent a particular challenge. Management includes repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging, imaging for occult malignancy, and empiric immunomodulatory treatment for autoimmune conditions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) or brain biopsy should be considered. The rapid pace of discovery regarding autoimmune encephalitis and the development of advanced molecular tests such as NGS have improved diagnosis and outcomes. Research priorities include development of novel therapeutics.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Herpesvirus Humano 1
/
Encefalite por Herpes Simples
/
Encefalite
/
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Guideline
/
Prognostic_studies
Limite:
Adult
/
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2023
Tipo de documento:
Article