A quantum mechanical investigation of nanocone oxide as a drug carrier for zidovudine: AIDS drug.

ABSTRACT

Traditionally, nanocones as a drug delivery material allow controlled drug delivery close to the target area while reducing the toxicity and generic accumulation associated with traditional intravenous injection methods. In the current study, density functional theory (DFT) is employed to investigate the therapeutic potential of carbon nanocone oxide (ONC) as a carrier with zidovudine drug for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The electronic ground state and excited state were studied to evaluate the drug carrier potential of ONC and Zidovudine-ONC complex. The Frontier Molecular Orbitals (FMOs) and Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEPs) revealed that the ONC carrier acts as a donor and zidovudine as an acceptor. The FMOs confirmed the interaction between drug and carrier stabilization energy by calculating chemical hardness, material softness, electronegativity, Ionization energy and electron affinity. The natural bond analysis (NBO), non-covalent interaction (NCI) and electron localization function (ELF) revealed the charge transfer between zidovudine and ONC. The density of state (DOS) and Charge Deposition analysis (CDA) provided the charge transfer. To study the excited state of zidovudine, transition density matrix (TDM), UV(Ultra-visible), IR (infrared), Raman, and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spectra of ONC and zidovudine-ONC complex have been plotted. The spectra showed a significant red shift in the zidovudine-ONC complex. Photoinduced electron studies (PET) showed fluorescence quenching because of the interaction between the drug and the carrier and provided a graphical explanation of the distinct excited state. All the results show that the ONC carrier has therapeutic potential as a zidovudine carrier for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).