Impact of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Combined with Aspirin on Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes and Endometrial Receptivity in Patients with Recurrent Abortion: A Retrospective Study.

Objective: This study investigates the impact of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and aspirin on endometrial receptivity and clinical pregnancy outcomes in individuals with a history of recurrent abortions. Methods: In this retrospective study, 131 individuals with recurrent abortions treated at our facility from July 2019 to December 2020 were split into two groups: mixed therapy and control. The mixed therapy group received aspirin and rhG-CSF, while the control group had no specific treatment. Primary endpoint: live birth rate; secondary: pregnancy rate at 20 weeks. We also evaluated abortion rates, newborn weight, pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, fetal/newborn congenital malformations, and maternal drug adverse reactions. Additionally, we analyzed endometrial blood flow three weeks post-treatment. Results: The analysis encompassed 131 individuals, with 65 in the control group and 66 in the mixed therapy group. Notably, the mixed therapy group (n = 54) exhibited a markedly higher live birth rate than the control group (P < .05). In terms of medication-related side effects, the control group showed no adverse reactions, while the mixed therapy group reported mild effects (skin itching in three cases, leukocytosis in seven, and bone pain in one case) that did not significantly impact outcomes. Pre-treatment, the mixed therapy group had a notably lower resistive index, pulsatility index, and systolic-to-diastolic ratio compared to the control group, with statistical significance (P < .05). The control group's indices remained unchanged (P > .05). Conclusions: In women with a history of recurrent abortions, the administration of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and aspirin can effectively and safely improve live birth rates. This improvement may be associated with enhanced endometrial receptivity.