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Bridging two insect flight modes in evolution, physiology and robophysics.
Gau, Jeff; Lynch, James; Aiello, Brett; Wold, Ethan; Gravish, Nick; Sponberg, Simon.
Afiliação
  • Gau J; Interdisciplinary Bioengineering Graduate Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Lynch J; George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Aiello B; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • Wold E; School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Gravish N; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
  • Sponberg S; Department of Biology, Seton Hill University, Greensburg, PA, USA.
Nature ; 622(7984): 767-774, 2023 Oct.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37794191
Since taking flight, insects have undergone repeated evolutionary transitions between two seemingly distinct flight modes1-3. Some insects neurally activate their muscles synchronously with each wingstroke. However, many insects have achieved wingbeat frequencies beyond the speed limit of typical neuromuscular systems by evolving flight muscles that are asynchronous with neural activation and activate in response to mechanical stretch2-8. These modes reflect the two fundamental ways of generating rhythmic movement: time-periodic forcing versus emergent oscillations from self-excitation8-10. How repeated evolutionary transitions have occurred and what governs the switching between these distinct modes remain unknown. Here we find that, despite widespread asynchronous actuation in insects across the phylogeny3,6, asynchrony probably evolved only once at the order level, with many reversions to the ancestral, synchronous mode. A synchronous moth species, evolved from an asynchronous ancestor, still preserves the stretch-activated muscle physiology. Numerical and robophysical analyses of a unified biophysical framework reveal that rather than a dichotomy, these two modes are two regimes of the same dynamics. Insects can transition between flight modes across a bridge in physiological parameter space. Finally, we integrate these two actuation modes into an insect-scale robot11-13 that enables transitions between modes and unlocks a new self-excited wingstroke strategy for engineered flight. Together, this framework accounts for repeated transitions in insect flight evolution and shows how flight modes can flip with changes in physiological parameters.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Evolução Biológica / Fenômenos Biofísicos / Voo Animal / Insetos / Músculos Limite: Animals Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Evolução Biológica / Fenômenos Biofísicos / Voo Animal / Insetos / Músculos Limite: Animals Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Article