Subclinical to catastrophic: a range of outcomes in cerebral air embolism.

ABSTRACT

Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a rare, yet potentially devastating condition characterized by entrance of air into cerebral vasculature, that is nearly always iatrogenic. While many findings of CAE are subclinical and incidental at computed tomography (CT), there remain cases of catastrophic and fatal embolisms. Increasing physician awareness of prevention, presentation, and treatment for CAE is crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. In this case series, we highlight this preventable entity by comparing three cases of CAE that showcase a diverse array of presentations, radiologic findings, and clinical outcomes. We will also explore predisposing factors, prognostic predictors, diagnostic considerations, and available treatments.