Cytokine Levels in Neonates: Unveiling the Impact of Perinatal Inflammation on Prematurity.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between variations in cytokine levels in the first 72 hours of life and prematurity. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective study, we examined the cytokine levels of 110 newborns in the first 72 hours of life. The participants were divided into two groups based on gestational age (66 very preterm and 44 term newborns), and cytokine levels (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and transforming growth factor-ß [TGF-ß]) were evaluated. RESULTS: Premature newborns exhibited higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, while TNF-α and TGF-ß levels were lower comparing to term newborns. Even after adjusting for maternal and peripartum factors, the significant differences persisted. CONCLUSION: Our study underscores significant cytokine profile differences between full-term and very preterm newborns in early life. Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels in preterm infants suggest potential perinatal inflammation links to prematurity. KEY POINTS: · There is a direct association between cytokine levels and prematurity.. · Knowledge of the variation of cytokines in newborns enhances personalized interventions.. · Cytokine levels are early associated with gestational age.