Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from a Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium Citrinum VM6.

Investigation of an antimicrobial and cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract prepared from solid fermentation of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum VM6 led to the isolation of eight metabolites (1-8), including one citrinin dimer dicitrinone F (1). Of these, compound 7 was isolated for the first time from the Penicillium genus and compound 1 with carbon-bridged C-7/C-7' linkage is rarely reported. All compounds (1-8) exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans with MICs of 32-256 µg/mL. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibited cytotoxicity against all tested cell lines A549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, Hela, and AGS with IC50 values of 6.7 ± 0.2 to 29.6 ± 2.2 µg/mL, whereas compound 5 had selective cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell lines with IC50 of 98.1 ± 7.8 µg/mL.