Exploring factors influencing implementation of interprofessional education in undergraduate healthcare programmes: a multiple-case study.

Interprofessional education (IPE) can help prepare future graduates to work collaboratively in healthcare teams. Using a multiple-case study approach, we explored IPE across four United Kingdom (UK) Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to identify factors affecting IPE implementation and outcomes. For each site, educators involved with IPE were surveyed and interviewed to explore IPE implementation. To examine outcomes, students took part in focus groups and accreditation reports published by professional regulators were explored. A total of five IPE courses were surveyed, six IPE leads were interviewed, three focus groups were conducted with students, and sixteen reports were reviewed. Regulators' standards mandating IPE and directives by the Deans were the main triggers for IPE initiation. In sites where the regulator's standards were perceived by educators as non-mandating IPE, some staff were less inclined to engage with IPE initiation, which adversely affected IPE planning and delivery. Students from such sites were less satisfied with their IPE experiences and uncertain about the purpose of IPE. Senior management (i.e. Dean) commitment and support is needed to establish IPE initiatives across the institution and cultivate a collaborative culture. The presence of a collaborative culture was associated with positive feedback from regulators and students regarding IPE.