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Establishing associated risk factors, including fungal and parasitic infections among Malaysians living with schizophrenia.
Franklin, Freddy; Rajamanikam, Arutchelvan; Phang, Wei Kit; Raju, Chandramathi Samudi; Gill, Jesjeet Singh; Francis, Benedict; Sy-Cherng Woon, Luke; Govind, Suresh Kumar.
Afiliação
  • Franklin F; Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Rajamanikam A; Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Phang WK; Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. arun04@um.edu.my.
  • Raju CS; Department of Parasitology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Gill JS; Department of Medical Microbiology, Universiti Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. chandramathi@um.edu.my.
  • Francis B; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Sy-Cherng Woon L; Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Govind SK; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 385, 2024 01 03.
Article em En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38172146
ABSTRACT
The aetiology of schizophrenia is multifactorial, and the identification of its risk factors are scarce and highly variable. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the risk factors associated with schizophrenia among Malaysian sub-population. A total of 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ) and 180 non-schizophrenic (NS) individuals participated in a questionnaire-based survey. Data of complete questionnaire responses obtained from 91 SZ and 120 NS participants were used in statistical analyses. Stool samples were obtained from the participants and screened for gut parasites and fungi using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The median age were 46 years (interquartile range (IQR) 37 to 60 years) and 35 years (IQR 24 to 47.75 years) for SZ and NS respectively. Multivariable binary logistic regression showed that the factors associated with increased risk of SZ were age, sex, unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week. These factors, except sex, were positively associated with the severity of SZ. Breastfed at infancy as well as vitamin and supplement consumption showed a protective effect against SZ. After data clean-up, fungal or parasitic infections were found in 98% (39/42). of SZ participants and 6.1% (3/49) of NS participants. Our findings identified non-modifiable risk factors (age and sex) and modifiable lifestyle-related risk factors (unemployment, presence of other chronic ailment, smoking, and high dairy consumption per week) associated with SZ and implicate the need for medical attention in preventing fungal and parasitic infections in SZ.
Assuntos

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Doenças Parasitárias / Esquizofrenia / Micoses Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies / Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Adult / Humans / Middle aged Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article

Texto completo: 1 Coleções: 01-internacional Base de dados: MEDLINE Assunto principal: Doenças Parasitárias / Esquizofrenia / Micoses Tipo de estudo: Diagnostic_studies / Etiology_studies / Observational_studies / Prevalence_studies / Prognostic_studies / Risk_factors_studies Limite: Adult / Humans / Middle aged Idioma: En Ano de publicação: 2024 Tipo de documento: Article