Chemical Constituents and Anticancer Activities of the Extracts from Phlomis × commixta Rech. f. (P. cretica × P. lanata).

ABSTRACT

The present work is the first report on the ingredients of the P. × commixta hybrid, a plant of the genus Phlomis. So far, thirty substances have been isolated by various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectroscopic methods, such as UV/Vis, NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS. The compounds are classified as flavonoids naringenin, eriodyctiol, eriodyctiol-7-O-ß-D-glucoside, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside, apigenin, apigenin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside, diosmetin-7-O-ß-D-glucoside, quercetin, hesperetin and quercetin-3-O-ß-D-glucoside; phenylpropanoids martynoside, verbascoside, forsythoside B, echinacoside and allysonoside; chromene 5,7-dihydroxychromone; phenolic acids caffeic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid methyl ester, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillic acid; aliphatic hydrocarbon docos-1-ene; steroids brassicasterol and stigmasterol; a glucoside of allylic alcohol, 3-O-ß-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-oct-1-ene-3-ol, was fully characterized as a natural product for the first time. Two tyrosol esters were also isolated tyrosol lignocerate and tyrosol methyl ether palmitate, the latter one being isolated as a natural product for the first time. Moreover, the biological activities of the extracts from the different polarities of the roots, leaves and flowers were estimated for their cytotoxic potency. All root extracts tested showed a high cytotoxic activity against the Hep2c and RD cell lines.