Autoimmune and inflammatory neurological disorders in the intensive care unit.
Curr Opin Crit Care
; 30(2): 142-150, 2024 04 01.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38441114
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the diagnostic approach to autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in the intensive care unit (ICU) and provides practical guidance on therapeutic management. RECENT FINDINGS:
Autoimmune encephalitis represents a group of immune-mediated brain diseases associated with antibodies that are pathogenic against central nervous system proteins. Recent findings suggests that the diagnosis of AE requires a multidisciplinary approach including appropriate recognition of common clinical syndromes, brain imaging and electroencephalography to confirm focal pathology, and cerebrospinal fluid and serum tests to rule out common brain infections, and to detect autoantibodies. ICU admission may be necessary at AE onset because of altered mental status, refractory seizures, and/or dysautonomia. Early management in ICU includes prompt initiation of immunotherapy, detection and treatment of seizures, and supportive care with neuromonitoring. In parallel, screening for neoplasm should be systematically performed. Despite severe presentation, epidemiological studies suggest that functional recovery is likely under appropriate therapy, even after prolonged ICU stays.CONCLUSION:
AE and related disorders are increasingly recognized in the ICU population. Critical care physicians should be aware of these conditions and consider them early in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with unexplained encephalopathy. A multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for diagnosis, ICU management, specific therapy, and prognostication.
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Doenças Autoimunes do Sistema Nervoso
/
Encefalite
/
Doença de Hashimoto
Limite:
Humans
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article