Cardiometabolic and immune response to exercise training in patients with metabolic syndrome: retrospective analysis of two randomized clinical trials.
Front Cardiovasc Med
; 11: 1329633, 2024.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38638882
ABSTRACT
Background:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by the presence of central obesity plus ≥two metabolic/cardiovascular risk factors (RF), with inflammation being a major disease-driving mechanism. Structured endurance exercise training (ET) may positively affect these traits, as well as cardiorespiratory fitness (VÌO2peak).Aims:
We explore individual ET-mediated improvements of MetS-associated RF in relation to improvements in VÌO2peak and inflammatory profile.Methods:
MetS patients from two randomized controlled trials, ExMET (n = 24) and OptimEx (n = 34), had performed 4- or 3-months supervised ET programs according to the respective trial protocol. VÌO2peak, MetS-defining RFs (both RCTs), broad blood leukocyte profile, cytokines and plasma proteins (ExMET only) were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Intra-individual changes in RFs were analysed for both trials separately using non-parametric approaches. Associations between changes in each RF over the exercise period (n-fold of baseline values) were correlated using a non-parametrical approach (Spearman). RF clustering was explored by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) and changes in RF depending on other RF or exercise parameters were explored by recursive partitioning.Results:
Four months of ET reduced circulating leukocyte counts (63.5% of baseline, P = 8.0e-6), especially effector subtypes. ET response of MetS-associated RFs differed depending on patients' individual RF constellation, but was not associated with individual change in VÌO2peak. Blood pressure lowering depended on cumulative exercise duration (ExMET ≥102â min per week; OptimEx-MetS ≥38â min per session) and baseline triglyceride levels (ExMET <150â mg/dl; OptimEx-MetS <174.8â mg/dl). Neuropilin-1 plasma levels were inversely associated with fasting plasma triglycerides (R -0.4, P = 0.004) and changes of both parameters during the ET phase were inversely correlated (R -0.7, P = 0.0001).Conclusions:
ET significantly lowered effector leukocyte blood counts. The improvement of MetS-associated cardiovascular RFs depended on individual basal RF profile and exercise duration but was not associated with exercise-mediated increase in VÌO2peak. Neuropilin-1 may be linked to exercise-mediated triglyceride lowering.
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Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article