Healthier Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Better Sleep Quality among Shanghai Suburban Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: More is to be explored between dietary patterns and sleep quality in the Chinese adult population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study including 7987 Shanghai suburban adults aged 20-74 years was conducted. Dietary information was obtained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to a priori dietary patterns, such as the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and Mediterranean diet (MD), was assessed. Sleep quality was assessed from self-reported responses to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusting for confounders were employed to examine the associations. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of poor sleep (PSQI score ≥ 5) was 28.46%. Factor analysis demonstrated four a posteriori dietary patterns. Participants with a higher CHEI (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.81, 95% CI 0.70-0.95), DASH (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.70, 95% CI 0.60-0.82) or MD (ORQ4 vs. Q1 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.87) had a lower poor sleep prevalence, while participants with a higher "Beverages" score had a higher poor sleep prevalence (ORQ4 vs. Q1 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.27). CONCLUSIONS: In Shanghai suburban adults, healthier dietary patterns and lower consumption of beverages were associated with better sleep quality.