Pioglitazone does not enhance exogenous glucose oxidation or metabolic clearance rate during aerobic exercise in men under acute high-altitude exposure.

ABSTRACT

Insulin insensitivity decreases exogenous glucose oxidation and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) during aerobic exercise in unacclimatized lowlanders at high altitude (HA). Whether use of an oral insulin sensitizer before acute HA exposure enhances exogenous glucose oxidation is unclear. This study investigated the impact of pioglitazone (PIO) on exogenous glucose oxidation and glucose turnover compared with placebo (PLA) during aerobic exercise at HA. With the use of a randomized crossover design, native lowlanders (n = 7 males, means ± SD, age 23 ± 6 yr, body mass 84 ± 11 kg) consumed 145 g (1.8 g/min) of glucose while performing 80 min of steady-state (1.43 ± 0.16 V̇o2 L/min) treadmill exercise at HA (460 mmHg; [Formula see text] 96.6 mmHg) following short-term (5 days) use of PIO (15 mg oral dose per day) or PLA (microcrystalline cellulose pill). Substrate oxidation and glucose turnover were determined using indirect calorimetry and stable isotopes ([13C]glucose and 6,6-[2H2]glucose). Exogenous glucose oxidation was not different between PIO (0.31 ± 0.03 g/min) and PLA (0.32 ± 0.09 g/min). Total carbohydrate oxidation (PIO 1.65 ± 0.22 g/min, PLA 1.68 ± 0.32 g/min) or fat oxidation (PIO 0.10 ± 0.0.08 g/min, PLA 0.09 ± 0.07 g/min) was not different between treatments. There was no treatment effect on glucose rate of appearance (PIO 2.46 ± 0.27, PLA 2.43 ± 0.27 mg/kg/min), disappearance (PIO 2.19 ± 0.17, PLA 2.20 ± 0.22 mg/kg/min), or MCR (PIO 1.63 ± 0.37, PLA 1.73 ± 0.40 mL/kg/min). Results from this study indicate that PIO is not an effective intervention to enhance exogenous glucose oxidation or MCR during acute HA exposure. Lack of effect with PIO suggests that the etiology of glucose metabolism dysregulation during acute HA exposure may not result from insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Short-term (5 days) use of the oral insulin sensitizer pioglitazone does not alter circulating glucose or insulin responses to enhance exogenous glucose oxidation during steady-state aerobic exercise in young healthy men under simulated acute (8 h) high-altitude (460 mmHg) conditions. These results indicate that dysregulations in glucose metabolism in native lowlanders sojourning at high altitude may not be due to insulin resistance at peripheral tissue.