German guidelines for airway management 2023.

ABSTRACT

The German airway management guidelines are intended to serve as an orientation and decision-making aid and thus contribute to the optimal care of patients undergoing anesthesiologic- and intensive medical care. As part of the pre-anesthesiologic evaluation, anatomical and physiological indications for difficult mask ventilation and intubation shall be evaluated. This includes the assessment of mouth opening, dental status, mandibular protrusion, cervical spine mobility and existing pathologies. The airway shall be secured while maintaining spontaneous breathing if there are predictors or anamnestic indications of difficult or impossible mask ventilation and/or endotracheal intubation. Various techniques can be used here. If there is an unexpectedly difficult airway, a video laryngoscope is recommended after unsuccessful direct laryngoscopy, consequently a video laryngoscope must be available at every anesthesiology workplace. The airway shall primarily be secured with a video laryngoscope in critically ill- and patients at risk of aspiration. Securing the airway using translaryngeal and transtracheal techniques is the "ultima ratio" in airway management. The performance or supervision of airway management in the intensive care unit is the responsibility of experienced physicians and nursing staff. Appropriate education and regular training are essential. Clear communication and interaction between team members are mandatory before every airway management procedure. Once the airway has been secured, the correct position of the endotracheal tube must be verified using capnography.