Ultrawidefield Fluorescein Angiography and OCT Findings in Children and Young Adults with Autosomal Dominant Neovascular Inflammatory Vitreoretinopathy.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Autosomal dominant neovascular inflammatory vitreoretinopathy (ADNIV) is a rare genetic (CAPN5) autoimmune condition typically diagnosed in adulthood and characterized by a triad of inflammation, retinal degeneration, and neovascularization. We report novel multimodal imaging findings in children and young adults with ADNIV, and early treatment response to short-duration local and systemic corticosteroids. DESIGN: Retrospective consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Ten patients aged <25 years with ADNIV and available multimodal imaging. METHODS: The medical records of patients aged <25 years with a diagnosis of ADNIV with ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) and OCT data were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography and OCT findings at baseline and after local corticosteroids. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 14 years (range, 9-24 years). OCT on presentation demonstrated cystoid macular edema in 8 of 20 eyes and symptomatic vitreoretinal interface disease in 2 of 20 eyes. Initial UWFFA demonstrated retinal vascular leakage (20/20 eyes, 100%), peripheral nonperfusion (13/20 eyes, 65%), and retinal neovascularization (6/20 eyes, 30%). Retinal vascular leakage improved with local corticosteroids, and neovascularization regressed with anti-VEGF therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrawidefield fluorescein angiography findings of prefibrotic ADNIV reported in adults were also present in children and young adults. Early testing for a pathogenic CAPN5 variant in at-risk children and regularly scheduled screening for uveitis and retinal vasculitis with UWFFA and OCT may prompt earlier intervention. Short-duration local steroids are effective at treating retinal vascular leakage and macular edema but are not durable, suggesting a potential role for steroid-sparing immunosuppressive therapy. Early treatment may alter the natural history of disease. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.