Photophobia and Visual Triggers in Vestibular Migraine.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Vestibular migraine (VM) is a prevalent vestibular disorder characterized by episodic vertigo. However, the relationship between photophobia and visual triggers in VM remains unexplored. We investigated the correlation of photophobia during the VM attack with interictal photosensitivity and visually triggering dizziness in patients with VM. METHODS: We enrolled patients diagnosed with VM, with or without photophobia, across seven specialized vertigo and headache clinics in China. Healthy individuals were also included as a control group. Using a cross-sectional survey design, we collected data related to light intensity and dizziness frequency triggered by flicker, glare, and eyestrain using the Headache Triggers Sensitivity and Avoidance Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 366 patients were recruited. The photosensitivity and frequency of dizziness induced by flicker, glare, and eyestrain observed in patients with VM and photophobia were significantly elevated compared with those in patients without photophobia and control participants (P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between photosensitivity levels and dizziness frequency triggered by flicker, glare, and eyestrain in patients with VM and photophobia (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study unequivocally established a positive association of ictal photophobia with interictal photosensitivity and visually triggering dizziness, strongly advocating the need for further research on exposure-based therapies for managing VM. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier, NCT04939922, retrospectively registered, 14th June 2021.