Biomimetic and Wound Microenvironment-Modulating PEGylated Glycopolypeptide Hydrogels for Arterial Massive Hemorrhage and Wound Prohealing.

ABSTRACT

Despite great progress in the hydrogel hemostats and dressings, they generally lack resistant vascular bursting pressure and intrinsic bioactivity to meet arterial massive hemorrhage and proheal wounds. To address the problems, we design a kind of biomimetic and wound microenvironment-modulating PEGylated glycopolypeptide hydrogels that can be easily injected and gelled in ∼10 s. Those glycopolypeptide hydrogels have suitable tissue adhesion of ∼20 kPa, high resistant bursting pressure of ∼150 mmHg, large microporosity of ∼15 µm, and excellent biocompatibility with ∼1% hemolysis ratio and negligible inflammation. They performed better hemostasis in rat liver and rat and rabbit femoral artery bleeding models than Fibrin glue, Gauze, and other hydrogels, achieving fast arterial hemostasis of <20 s and lower blood loss of 5-13%. As confirmed by in vivo wound healing, immunofluorescent imaging, and immunohistochemical and histological analyses, the mannose-modified hydrogels could highly boost the polarization of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and downregulate pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α to relieve inflammation, achieving complete full-thickness healing with thick dermis, dense hair follicles, and 90% collagen deposition. Importantly, this study provides a versatile strategy to construct biomimetic glycopolypeptide hydrogels that can not only resist vascular bursting pressure for arterial massive hemorrhage but also modulate inflammatory microenvironment for wound prohealing.