Recommendations on visit duration and sample number requirements for an automated head chamber system.
J Anim Sci
; 1022024 Jan 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-38833215
ABSTRACT
Automated head chamber systems (AHCS; GreenFeed, C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) increasingly are being used for measuring the gas flux of unrestrained cattle. There are a wide range of recommendations for what constitutes a "good" visit (i.e., duration) to an AHCS and how many visits are required for the AHCS to quantify gas fluxes accurately and precisely. Accordingly, the purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of visit duration thresholds and the subsequent effects of these thresholds on the number of visits needed to provide adequate estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions, and oxygen (O2) consumption by beef cattle. This analysis utilized data from three previously published experiments with grazing beef steers and one experiment with finishing beef steers, with 103 steers total. When comparing all available visits, there was excellent agreement [Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC)â
≥â
0.96] between visitsâ
≥â
3 min in duration and thoseâ
≥â
2 min for the three gases in all four experiments. When data from all four experiments were pooled, there was excellent agreement between visitsâ
≥â
3 min and thoseâ
≥â
2 min andâ
≥â
1 min for all gases (CCCâ
≥â
0.96). These results suggest that estimates from visitsâ
≥â
2 min are like those from visitsâ
≥â
3 min. Next, we investigated if including visitsâ
≥â
2 min orâ
≥â
1 min would increase the minimal number of visits required to provide excellent agreement with the "gold-standard" (mean of all visitsâ
≥â
3 min). For this, we used only one of the experiments and randomly selected visits per animal ranging from nâ
=â
5 to 60, in increments of 5. The sole experiment was used because all animals had more than 60 visits. We then assessed the agreement between the "gold-standard" (mean of all visitsâ
≥â
3 min [144â
±â
55.01 visits per steer]) estimates of CO2, O2, and CH4. The minimum number of visits required to achieve excellent agreement (CCCâ
≥â
0.90) to the "gold-standard" estimate for all gases was 30 visitsâ
≥â
3 min in duration, or 40 visitsâ
≥â
2 min in duration. Visitsâ
≥â
1 min in duration did not achieve excellent agreement, even when 60 were used. Based on these results, we recommend excluding visitsâ
<â
3 min in duration with 30 minimum visit records per animal. However, if researchers choose to implement a 2-min visit duration threshold then 40 visit records are needed per animal.
GreenFeed systems (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) are being increasingly used for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions and oxygen consumption (O2) of free-roaming cattle. These systems utilize averages of multiple visits to provide estimates of daily gas flux. There currently exists a range of recommendations for what constitutes a "good" visit to GreenFeed. Additionally, the number of recommended visits required to achieve adequate estimates of these gas fluxes appears to be dependent on the minimum visit duration that is used. To date, there has been only one experiment that has investigated visit duration and the recommended number of visits for CO2 and CH4 emissions and to our knowledge this has not been assessed for O2 consumption. Based on the results of this experiment, we recommend using a 3-min minimum visit duration threshold with 30 visit records per animal. If researchers choose to use a 2-min visit duration threshold, then 40 visit records per animal are recommended.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
01-internacional
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Dióxido de Carbono
/
Metano
Limite:
Animals
Idioma:
En
Ano de publicação:
2024
Tipo de documento:
Article