Association between procedural time and outcome in unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: analysis from the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We aim to assess the association between procedural time and outcomes in patients in unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for anterior circulation acute stroke. METHODS: We conducted a cohort study on prospectively collected data from patients with M1 and/or M2 segment of middle cerebral artery occlusion with a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 0-1 at the end of procedure. Primary outcome was 90-day poor outcome. Secondary outcomes were early neurological deterioration (END), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) according to ECASS II and sICH according to SITS-MOST. RESULTS: Among 852 patients, after comparing characteristics of favourable and poor outcome groups, logistic regression analysis showed age (OR 1.04; 95%CI 1.02-1.05; p < 0.001), previous TIA/stroke (OR 0.23; 95%CI 0.12-0.74; p = 0.009), M1 occlusion (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.13-2.50; p = 0.01), baseline NIHSS (OR 1.01; 95%CI 1.06-1.13; p < 0.001) and procedural time (OR1.00; 95% CI 1.00-1.01; p = 0.003) as independent predictors poor outcome at 90 days. Concerning secondary outcomes, logistic regression analysis showed NIHSS (OR0.96; 95%CI 0.93-0.99; p = 0.008), general anaesthesia (OR2.59; 95%CI 1.52-4.40; p < 0.001), procedural time (OR 1.00; 95% CI 1.00-1.01; p = 0.002) and intraprocedural complications (OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.02-3.52; p = 0.04) as independent predictors of END. Bridging therapy (OR2.93; 95%CI 1.21-7.09; p = 0.017) was associated with sICH per SITS-MOST criteria whereas M1 occlusion (OR 0.35; 95%CI 0.18-0.69; p = 0.002), bridging therapy (OR 2.02; 95%CI 1.07-3.82; p = 0.03) and intraprocedural complications (OR 5.55; 95%CI 2.72-11.31; p < 0.001) were independently associated with sICH per ECASS II criteria. No significant association was found between the number of MT attempts and analyzed outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the number of MT attempts and intraprocedural complications, procedural time was associated with poor outcome and END. We suggest a deeper consideration of procedural time when treating anterior circulation occlusions refractory to MT.