Development, Validity, and Reliability of a Food Frequency Questionnaire Eliciting the Dietary Advanced Glycation End Product Consumption among Obese Adolescents Aged 10-19 Years.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Obesity has reached an alarming rate affecting all categories of the population. A tremendous rise in obesity has been observed in children and adolescents. In India, the prevalence of adolescent obesity is more than 30% of the population. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a diverse group of compounds formed by the amalgamation of glucose and a protein moiety. These glycated compounds are found in processed foods subjected to high-temperature cooking techniques contributing to the formation of dietary AGEs (dAGEs). The enormous consumption of dAGE attributes to the development of metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among obese adolescents aged 10-19 years to gauge their dAGE consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This questionnaire was developed from previous literature (15 articles), validated using the content validity ratio (CVR) by Lawshe, and estimated for reliability using the test-retest method. A pilot study was done among 50 obese adolescents aged 10-19 years, who completed the questionnaire twice, with a gap of 15 days. RESULTS: A total of 54 items were validated (CVR ≥0.99) from the 60 food items. A reliability score >0.7 was observed, and a significant correlation (P ≥ 0.01) between the test and retest results was determined. CONCLUSION: Hence, this FFQ is reliable and can be used for future research studies to elicit dAGE consumption among obese adolescents.