Unveiling biosynthetic potential of an Arctic marine-derived strain Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: A growing number of studies have demonstrated that the polar regions have the potential to be a significant repository of microbial resources and a potential source of active ingredients. Genome mining strategy plays a key role in the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) from microorganisms. This work highlighted deciphering the biosynthetic potential of an Arctic marine-derived strain Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2 by a combination of whole genome analysis and antiSMASH as well as feature-based molecular networking (MN) in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). RESULTS: In this study, a high-quality whole genome sequence of an Arctic marine strain MNP-2, with a size of 34.9 Mb was successfully obtained. Its total number of genes predicted by BRAKER software was 13,218, and that of non-coding RNAs (rRNA, sRNA, snRNA, and tRNA) predicted by using INFERNAL software was 204. AntiSMASH results indicated that strain MNP-2 harbors 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 18 NRPS/NRPS-like gene clusters, 10 PKS/PKS-like gene clusters, 8 terpene synthse gene clusters, 5 indole synthase gene clusters, 10 hybrid gene clusters, and 5 fungal-RiPP gene clusters. Metabolic analyses of strain MNP-2 grown on various media using GNPS networking revealed its great potential for the biosynthesis of bioactive SMs containing a variety of heterocyclic and bridge-ring structures. For example, compound G-8 exhibited a potent anti-HIV effect with an IC50 value of 7.2 nM and an EC50 value of 0.9 nM. Compound G-6 had excellent in vitro cytotoxicities against the K562, MCF-7, Hela, DU145, U1975, SGC-7901, A549, MOLT-4, and HL60 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.10 to 3.3 µM, and showed significant anti-viral (H1N1 and H3N2) activities with IC50 values of 15.9 and 30.0 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings definitely improve our knowledge about the molecular biology of genus A. sydowii and would effectively unveil the biosynthetic potential of strain MNP-2 using genomics and metabolomics techniques.