Cardiac hypertrophy and performance of Dahl hypertensive rats on graded salt diets.

ABSTRACT

The relationship between arterial pressure and left ventricular (LV) functional capacity and LV mass during the natural development of cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in Dahl-resistant (R) and -sensitive (S) hypertensive rats maintained on three dietary NaCl regimens (0.4%, 4.0%, and 8.0% for 9 weeks, then 4.0%) from 5 until 20 weeks of age. In R rats, arterial pressure and LV mass were unaffected by diet. In contrast, S rats demonstrated levels of arterial pressure and LV hypertrophy that were graded according to dietary NaCl. Hemodynamic studies on rats under ether anesthesia demonstrated that the graded pressure elevation in S rats was produced by corresponding increases in total peripheral resistance, as cardiac output did not vary. During acute volume loading, the S rats on all diets achieved the same maximum stroke volume as did R rats, despite the marked increase in the arterial pressure of S rats. An analysis of the ejection fraction/afterload relationship demonstrated preserved contractile state. The ability of the left ventricle to generate pressure was increased in S rats in direct proportion to the degree of LV hypertrophy. Thus, in young adult S rats, cardiac performance was well compensated since pump and contractile functions were maintained and pressure-generating capacity was increased in relation to the degree of LV hypertrophy.